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Saxon War-Song – Poem by Sir Walter Scott: The Spirit of Anglo-Saxon Resistance

Explore Sir Walter Scott’s 'Saxon War-Song,' a poem celebrating Anglo-Saxon bravery, honor, and cultural identity during times of conflict.

Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832) was a Scottish author and poet renowned for his works that vividly depict the history and culture of England and Scotland. Among his notable contributions is the poem “Saxon War-Song,” which captures the fierce spirit of the Anglo-Saxons in their resistance against oppression and conquest.

The poem appears in Scott’s historical novel Ivanhoe (1819), set in medieval England following the Norman conquest. Through this poem, Scott conveys themes of national pride, bravery, and cultural identity.

This article provides a detailed exploration of “Saxon War-Song,” including its full text, thematic analysis, literary devices, and modern relevance.

Full Text of "Saxon War-Song"

Saxon War-Song

Whet the bright steel,
Sons of the White Dragon!
Kindle the torch,
Daughter of Hengist!
The steel glimmers not for the carving of the banquet,
It is hard, broad, and sharply pointed;
The torch goeth not to the bridal chamber,
It steams and glitters blue with sulphur.
Whet the steel, the raven croaks!
Light the torch, Zernebock is yelling!
Whet the steel, sons of the Dragon!
Kindle the torch, daughter of Hengist!

The black cloud is low over the thane’s castle
The eagle screams – he rides on its bosom.
Scream not, grey rider of the sable cloud,
Thy banquet is prepared!
The maidens of Valhalla look forth,
The race of Hengist will send them guests.
Shake your black tresses, maidens of Valhalla!
And strike your loud timbrels for joy!
Many a haughty step bends to your halls,
Many a helmed head.

Dark sits the evening upon the thane’s castle,
The black clouds gather round;
Soon shall they be red as the blood of the valiant!
The destroyer of forests shall shake his red crest against them.
He, the bright consumer of palaces,
Broad waves he his blazing banner,
Red, wide and dusky,
Over the strife of the valiant:
His joy is in the clashing swords and broken bucklers;
He loves to lick the hissing blood as it bursts warm from the wound!

Thematic Analysis

1. Spirit of Anglo-Saxon Resistance

The poem celebrates the resilience and courage of the Anglo-Saxons against oppression. References to the “White Dragon” and the “Daughter of Hengist” emphasize national identity, heritage, and pride.

2. Mythological and Symbolic Imagery

Scott incorporates Norse mythology through references to “Valhalla” and “Zernebock,” reinforcing themes of honor, bravery, and the warrior spirit. Valhalla symbolizes the ultimate reward for courageous warriors who fall in battle.

3. Honor and Valor

The poem highlights the importance of courage and honor in battle. Descriptions of “clashing swords” and “broken bucklers” illustrate the sacrifices and struggles inherent in defending one’s people and land.

Literary Devices

  • Personification:
    The raven and eagle are given voices, creating a vivid and dramatic atmosphere.

  • Symbolism:
    Symbols like the “White Dragon” and “Valhalla” connect the poem to Anglo-Saxon and Norse cultural heritage.

  • Imagery:
    Vivid images of “red crest” and “blazing banner” evoke visual intensity and the chaos of battle.

  • Alliteration and Repetition:
    Phrases like “Whet the steel, sons of the Dragon! / Kindle the torch” emphasize urgency, rhythm, and energy, enhancing the martial tone.

Contemporary Relevance

Even today, the poem resonates as a celebration of resistance against oppression and the importance of cultural identity.

  • It reminds readers of the value of courage, honor, and resilience in the face of adversity.
  • Though historical in setting, the themes of standing up for one’s beliefs and heritage remain universally inspiring.

Conclusion

Sir Walter Scott’s “Saxon War-Song” vividly captures the spirit of the Anglo-Saxons during a period of conquest and conflict. Through mythological references, symbolic imagery, and dynamic language, Scott emphasizes bravery, honor, and cultural pride.

While rooted in historical context, the poem continues to inspire readers today, highlighting the enduring importance of courage, identity, and resistance in the face of challenges.